Using Classical And Operant Conditioning - 894 Words

7. Using classical or operant conditioning, describe step by step how you can teach someone a skill in your field. What is the behavior you want them to learn, if classical conditioning is used, what is the US, UR, NS, CS and CR. If using operant conditioning, what is the behavior you want to increase or decrease and what is the reinforcer that is used to increase or decrease that behavior. (ex., if you are in business and you want to increase productivity, what would you do?). How does their biology, motivation, cognitions and emotions influence their acquisition of the skill? Operant conditioning could be used to increase students’ performance on their tests. One thing that could be done to reinforce this behavior would be to reward the whole class for increased performance on their tests with a pizza party. I would just say that if the whole class has an average of 90% on the test, then they will get a pizza party. They would be more likely to study and therefore do better on the test because they want the pizza. The students will have to have a drive to want to get better grade and then the reward of that also. Their emotions have to be determined to do better, if they are to get the reward that they seek. 8. Identify three strategies you can use to improve your memory and recall. Explain how you plan to implement them. Number 1) Rehearsing repeatedly. New memories are weak, exercise them repeatedly and they will become strong. I plan to implement this strategy byShow MoreRelatedWatsons Classical Conditioning Research Essay996 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is Watson’s Classical Conditioning? Classical Conditioning was found by Dr. Ivan Pavlov. Watson’s research was influenced by Pavlov’s Classical Conditioning Theory. Watson made a research on children’s emotions using the Classical Conditioning model. According to Watson, love, fear, and anger are the three kinds of emotions inherited by humans (Hall 1988). He believed these emotions could be learned through conditioning. He formed his hypothesis and carried out an experiment. John BRead MoreClassical Conditioning And Operant Conditioning1204 Words   |  5 Pagesknown as classical conditioning and operant conditioning. These forms of learning are very practical and can be seen and used in everyday life. Classical and operant conditioning are different forms of learning which have importance in everyday life and can be found in advertising, PTSD, and even lifestyle changes. To fully understand the importance of classical and operant conditioning, it is important to first understand what they are and how they are different. Classical conditioningRead MorePhobias1174 Words   |  5 Pagesdeveloped through operant conditioning and how addictions can be developed through operant conditioning. This essay also examines the distinctions between classical and operant condition and examines â€Å"extinction† as it relates to psychological theory and how extinction is achieved in classical and operant conditioning. Phobias and Addictions Numerous psychologists believe that behaviors are learned through conditioning. These conditionings are known as operant, which is based onRead MoreClassical and Operant Conditioning on Phobias and Addictions1331 Words   |  5 PagesClassical and operant conditioning on phobias and addictions Introduction Phobia in clinical psychology context is an irrational fear of something or situation. The person suffering from phobia will try their best to avoid their phobia. In the extreme case that the person suffering from the phobia cannot avoid it, they will attempt to endure through the situation with a lot of distress ADDIN EN.CITE Swanson1986158(Swanson, 1986)15815817Swanson, Guy E.Phobias and Related Symptoms: Some Social SourcesSociologicalRead MoreClassical Conditioning And Operant Conditioning1146 Words   |  5 Pageslearning is known as conditioning. Conditioning stresses the relationship between stimuli and responses. The two types of conditioning found are Classical conditioning and Operant conditioning. As stated before, learning may occur in different ways but Classical and Operant conditioning are two of several theories on learning which take the behaviorist approach. â€Å"Classical conditioning is an association of one event with another that results in a pattern of behav ior.† Operant conditioning however, is â€Å"learningRead MoreLearning Experience Paper1290 Words   |  6 Pagesregards to classical conditioning, operant conditioning and cognitive- social learning theory. First of all, I would begin by describing my experience of learning to fear lizards with regards to classical conditioning. To give some context to the situation, I was raised in India where lizards, usually in large numbers, are often found on walls particularly during the summer months. I strongly believe that my fear of lizards can be explained using Pavlov s classical conditioning. Classical conditioningRead MoreClassical Conditioning And Operant Conditioning913 Words   |  4 PagesClassical Conditioning and Operant Conditioning There are two learning processes that are used, classical condition and operant conditioning. One learning process used is classical conditioning. Classical conditioning is a learning process in which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus and acquires the capacity to elicit a similar response. I found two TV commercials that are excellent examples for classical conditioning. The first commercial I found is an Old Spice commercialRead MoreEssay on Comparison of Classical and Operant and Conditioning660 Words   |  3 Pagesof being either classical conditioning or operant conditioning when we are dealing with Psychology terms. These two habituation methods are very comparable in nature, but do possess very specific distinctions in their differences. The major difference between classical and operant conditioning is the type of behaviors being conditioned. Classical is focused more on reflex and automatic actions whereas operant deals more with voluntary ac tions. Classical and operant conditioning are also differentRead MoreClassical Conditioning And Operant Conditioning1492 Words   |  6 Pages To expand upon the concepts of the two forms of conditioning listed above, three additional principals not previously listed for the sake of convenience are present in both forms of conditioning; these three principals-extinction, spontaneous recovery, and stimulus discrimination-are among the number of basic principals of conditioning that are found in most forms of conditioning. To explain, Extinction refers to the process by which the steady weakening or diminishment of a conditioned responseRead MoreClassical And Operant Conditioning Essay815 Words   |  4 PagesUsing examples of both classical and operant conditioning, discuss the contributions  and limitations of learning theory for the understanding of behaviour (Schacter et al., 2nd Ed, Chapter 6, also see Chapter 1 for historical context)      Learning theory can be summarized as behaviour which shows us how animals and people  respond to a stimulus. This is  incredibly  important  due to the direct impact it has on many features of daily life and how we implement this into our practices, from  the way  education

Was Stalin an Ethical Leader. - 1454 Words

Before Hitler gained control over Germany in the 1930s, another European dictator had already come to power in Russia. Commonly known as Josef Stalin, a name that translates to mean the man of steel. Stalin, along with Hitler, was one of the most brutal men in recorded history. In relation to the criteria on ethical leadership constructed by Lino and myself, we believe that Stalin was a very unethical leader. According to his actions, it is clear, that Stalin failed in all aspects of our criteria. Born Iosef Vassarionovich Dzugashvili, Stalin had no respect for human rights and made decisions that would deliberately harm others, the appalling affect these decisions had and he did not promote or even welcome a peaceful notion. As a result†¦show more content†¦Stalin was an extremely unpeacful dictator who took things by force if necessary. Those who opposed him were punishable by death. Stalin also used manipulation as a way of winning over followers. Therefore it is clear th rough his actions that Stalin was a callous leader who did not welcome or harbour peace. Stalin, supreme dictator of the Soviet Union and Puppet Master of Eastern Europe, suffered a fatal stroke, while lying alone in his room. All because his Bodyguards, family and government associate, after 27 years of Iron-Fisted rule, were to afraid to knock on the door. Josef Stalin was a vicious, cruel man and an unethical leader. This is shown through his lack of respect for human rights. A man who found pleasure in ordering the torture and execution of his most loyal followers. At least 30 million and possibly as much as 60 million were; shot, hung, starved, beaten, drugged to death as a result of his extreme fear of opposition. This lack of respect for human rights that shows his unethical behaviour resulted in millions of people living in a regime of fear. In fact, Stalin was so immoral and unethical that, when Vladimir Lenin died, he invented methods of elimination, in order to eradicate his number one rival Leon Trotsky. This technique consisted of: Imprisonment, exile and as sassination. He finally succeeded, and sent Trotsky to Mexico. Stalin was a man who sufferedShow MoreRelatedJoseph Stalin : Unethical Visionary Leader1109 Words   |  5 Pages Joseph Stalin: Unethical Visionary Leader SMSgt Shane C. Woyak Air Force Senior Noncommissioned Officer Academy September 10, 2014 Instructor: SMSgt Steve Kramer â€Æ' Joseph Stalin: Unethical Visionary Leader Introduction: Visionary Leader Throughout World War 2, several events highlighted Joseph Stalin’s actions and identified him as a visionary leader who failed to successfully implement that vision with his subordinates due to his own ineffective use of key team building, diversity and leadershipRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Of `` Enemy At The Gates 1205 Words   |  5 Pageswithout an order. Is it ethical to order to shoot your own troops without a court? Or are we facing an ethical dilemma of uncertainty? Today I want to talk about ethical side of making difficult decisions. I want to talk about most controversial Stalin’s order in WW2, infamous order #227, also known as: Not a step back! I will prove that despite all controversy around this decision, during that period Stalin was an ethical leader. I want to talk how other people fall into ethical dilemma of uncertaintyRead MoreEssay on Hitler vs. Stalin859 Words   |  4 PagesStalin vs. Hitler If two men were to be tagged with having the most impact, good or bad, on twentieth century Europe the names Joseph Stalin and Adolph Hitler would ring loud and clear. Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin were the most recognizable and known totalitarian leaders in Europe. They both had a great impact on the worlds history. Adolf Hitler was the Fuhrer of the III Reich and a leader of the Nazi Party. He is to blame for the break out of the II World War and for the creation ofRead MoreSynthesis Essay : Winston Churchill1226 Words   |  5 PagesWinston Churchill was an influential leader and politician in the government of the Britain from the turn of the 20th century until his death in 1965. He was Prime Minister twice and led his country through the darkest corridors of war in a fight for its very existence. Throughout his tenure he displayed uncommon vision and showed that he was a man of ethical action, as I will demonstrate. We will examine just a few points of his uncanny vision, highlight some of his ethical actions, and thenRead MoreNapoleon And Napoleon In George Orwells Animal Farm807 Words   |  4 Pagesstory, published in 1917 it ref lects the events leading up to the Russian revolution and the Stalin era. Characters are portrayed by animals that live on a farm . The character Napoleon in Animal Farm is a clever and sly animal who uses fear and greed to rule the animals around the farm. Leaders who do not care about the welfare of their citizens and rule with fear can ruin a society. Those type of leaders and person and the most harmful to a society. If we compare what Napoleon and his group ofRead MoreRed : Chinese Triads : An Example Of A Red Organization1324 Words   |  6 PagesRed – Chinese Triads Red organizations have existed since the beginning of life. The textbook uses the wolf pack example to illustrate how leaders in red organizations need to harness their power to control others. A leader within a red organization must maintain their power so that no one below them attempts to take the crown. (Laloux, pg. 18) The Chinese Triads date as far back as the mid-seventeenth-century during the Ming dynasty. (Chu, pg. 11) The Chinese Triads are essential a gang thatRead MoreAbraham Lincoln And Martin Luther King Jr. Essay942 Words   |  4 PagesJoseph Stalin, Abraham Lincoln, Adolf Hitler, and Martin Luther King Jr. are all remarkable examples of some of the most effective leaders our world has ever seen. Abraham Lincoln and Martin Luther King Jr. are well-known for being noble, astounding men who unified people by using a moralistic approach. On the contrary, Joseph Stalin and Adolf Hitler are both notorious for using cruel, depraved conduct while developing their fame and power. This situation is very comparable to main characters, JackRead More Legacy of Communist Leaders1524 Words   |  7 Pages Legacy of Communist Leaders The History of modern Russia (twentieth century) is the period of communist government. After the revolution in 1917 Russia became the first communist state, which survived until 1991. Seventy-four years of rapid changes left an enormous mark in the history of Russia. This period of history introduced us to the greatest communist leaders. History doesnt happen by itself. There must be Individuals who make it. And in our history those individualsRead MoreAnna Akhmatov The Russian Antigone1023 Words   |  5 PagesAnna Arteaga Mrs.Bausinger English 2 PAP 07 December 2017 The Russian Antigone Anna Akhmatova (June 23, 1889-March 5, 1966) was a renown Russian poet and prophet. Often credited for being the Russian Antigone, Akhmatova was unlike any of the other women of her time. â€Å" Anna Akhmatova was the leader and heat and soul of Saint Petersburg tradition of Russian Poetry in the course of the first half of the twentieth century.†(New World Encyclopedia 1). Along with being a poet, Akhmatova also wrote proseRead MorePolitical And Political Ethics Of A Democratic Society2074 Words   |  9 PagesJustify the Means? It is without argument a fact that our society is ethically flawed. We are plagued by inequality, injustice, selfishness and hatred. Politicians are pioneers of change, who strive to correct these ethical flaws. It is their job to guide our society towards a more just, ethical place. There are varying schools of thought regarding how politicians can obtain the necessary power to improve the political ethics of a society. Some argue that politicians should be models of the political ethics

Scientific Method Allows to Uncover Truth Free Essays

The scientific method consists of five steps: first, observing and recollecting information. Second, creating or formulating a hypothesis. Thirdly, scientists experiment, with the information and the observations they have made so as to reach to a conclusion, which is the fourth step. We will write a custom essay sample on Scientific Method Allows to Uncover Truth or any similar topic only for you Order Now Finally, the last step consists in the communication, which is when you tell society about a new discovery or theory and the verification of this conclusion, in order to see if it is valid or not. Along this method there are lots of perceptions which are made, such as sense perception or induction, which may limit this method. What I will try to analyze along this essay is if the scientific method allows us or not to uncover truth. In order to do so, I will analyze whether the scientific method gives us absolute or provisional truth and how it gives us that truth. To start with, the scientific method can allow us to uncover truth. It is needed to say that it allow us to uncover provisional truth. Related article: Disagreements in Science Examples Truth can be provisional because we accept it may change over time, as new discoveries are made and the supposedly â€Å"truth† is no longer but it’s replaced by another and new â€Å"truth†. We accept one statement as true or not according to its degree of objectivity. Scientific method recollects empirical evidence, which is measurable and comparable and allows for the application of consistency tests. The application of consistency tests reduces the impact of subjectivity and the limitations of sense perception in the recollection of evidence. This allows us to construct explanations that are objective enough for society to define these explanations as provisional truth. Furthermore, as the scientific method is a very rigorous and complex method. Scientists do observation, formulation of a hypothesis, experimentation, they reach a conclusion and they then communicate and verify this conclusion. These steps are followed thousands of times, in order to be as objective as possible and in order to prove or create a theory. But these steps are followed not by just a scientist but by many, under different circumstances and places, again in order to be as objective as possible. All this repetition of the steps and the analysis made by lots of different scientist allows the scientific method to be, in part, objective and, in consequence, to give us a provisional truth. Finally, we can say that natural sciences objective is to build up provisional truths which are accepted by society and which predict future phenomena but not to build up absolute truth. During all times there have been many theories about evolution, which were replaced one by another and, the last accepted one is Darwin’s but before his theory there had been others theories of evolution which were â€Å"true†, so the ideal of the scientific method is to allow us to uncover provisional truth, as we know there are going to be, afterwards, new theories or changes in older ones. On the other hand, the scientific method doesn’t allow us to uncover absolute truth. When scientists observe, experiment, formulate a hypothesis or reach a conclusion, there are, mainly, two ways of knowing used: sense perception and intuition. These ways of knowing have limitations which don’t allow the scientific method to give us absolute truth. As regards sense perception, our senses have a limited range and they are selective. This means they can’t perceive everything which goes around us and that out of what we perceive (which isn’t everything) we remember or pay attention to some stimuli, according to our expectations, interests, culture and past experiences. Furthermore, as our senses are limited and there is variability in the ability of individuals to capture stimuli, we’ll never be sure if what we perceive is the real reality or just an interpretation of it. As regards induction, which is when from a variety of particular premises we get to a general conclusion we also have some limitations: As there’s no magical number that tells us how many people or things we’ve got to analyze to reach a generalization, we’ll never be sure that a generalization is right. Also because we need just one case in order to contradict a generalization, so we’ll never be sure a theory is right, as there’s nobody who may be able to analyze each particular case in every part of the world. So the scientific method is limited, as it doesn’t analyze each particular case and as, the observation made by scientists is limited. So, as from the beginning of the scientific method (observation) there are limitations, it will probably have failures along all the method. Secondly, there’s a limit to what science can explain. There are things which science can’t explain. As the scientific method uses empiricism and rationality to give us truth, it denies the mystical knowledge, such as the religious beliefs. So how can we say that scientific method allows us to uncover truth if it denies many things, such as religious beliefs, which many people believe are true? As we’ve said before it gives us provisional truth, as it gives us about natural or social sciences, but not absolute, as it doesn’t give us truth about religion or any similar theme. Moreover, as sciences are based on assumptions, looking for patterns in nature assumes nature is regular. Here we can clearly see that scientific method doesn’t allow us to uncover absolute truth, as nature evolves and changes, so it will never be regular. Finally, the scientific method doesn’t allow us to get truth, as there are some scientists which first get to a conclusion or make a hypothesis and then look for the information or patterns which suit their conclusion or hypothesis. So, they may look for patterns in nature which only fit with their conclusion or, in order to fit their conclusions, they’ll avoid certain features or patterns of nature which will contradict or which won’t fit to their hypothesis. So, this idea together with the limitations that sense perception and induction has, makes the scientific method unable to uncover truth. All in all, I strongly believe that scientific method can’t allow us to uncover truth, if we consider truth as absolute. But what is necessary to clarify is that there’s not any way of knowing which will allow us to uncover absolute truth. In this case we should take truth as a provisional concept and, if we take truth as provisional then the scientific method allows us to uncover it, as it takes us to discover truth in a provisional way. We can then say that the scientific method can take us to a provisional truth, but that it will never lead us to absolute truth, as it will always have some limitation. How to cite Scientific Method Allows to Uncover Truth, Essay examples